European statistics and indicators concerning innovation are calculated on the basis of data collected from companies
within the framework of a harmonised survey at European level, known as the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), which
in turn is based on the Oslo Manual, OECD/European Commission, 2018. The CIS survey collects data every other year,
alternating with the R&D survey.
Core statistics cover innovation activities, cooperation, development, expenditures, and turnover.
Innovation activities, as defined in the Oslo Manual which guides the European Community Innovation Survey (CIS), include
all developmental, financial, and commercial activities undertaken by a firm which are intended to result in an innovation.
A business innovation is a new or improved product or business process (or combination thereof) that differs significantly
from the firm's previous products or business processes, and that has been introduced on the market or brought into use by the firm.
These categories provide moderate comparability with the definitions of process, organisational, and marketing innovation in
the third edition of the Oslo Manual.
Further details on these definitions and on the international directives that serve as a basis to measure business innovation
an be found, as previously mentioned, in the OECD's OSLO Manual. As the word "manual" suggests, this publication is somewhat
technical. For those interested, here is the link to the
OSLO Manual
(in French or in English) on the OECD website.
Data from 2006-2016 are available here (Excel workbook), as these were based on the previous Oslo Manual (2005) and comparison with results from CIS 2018 onward would be difficult. This 2005 version distinguished 4 innovation types: product, process, organisational, and marketing. Product and process innovations were then often grouped together as "technological innovations".
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