R&D personnel can be classified by level of formal education using the UNESCO's International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011.
(Not available for the business sector)
ISCED level 8: Holders of university degrees at doctoral or equivalent level, awarded by universities or equivalent tertiary educational institutions.
- ISCED level 8: Holders of university degrees at doctoral or equivalent level, awarded by universities or specialised organisations with university status.
- ISCED level 7: Holders of university degrees at master’s or equivalent level awarded by universities or equivalent tertiary educational institutions.
- ISCED level 6: Holders of university degrees at bachelor’s or equivalent level awarded by universities or equivalent tertiary educational institutions.
- ISCED level 5: Holders of other tertiary level diplomas (ISCED level 5) awarded by university colleges or equivalent institutions providing practically oriented/occupation-specific education.
- ISCED level 4 - 1: Holders of post-secondary non-tertiary, secondary or other diplomas
With the application below, statistics on R&D personnel can be created using the following criteria. We distinguish between researchers on the one hand and total personnel
(= researchers + supporting R&D personnel) on the other. :
In head counts (HC)
- total R&D personnel by level of education in HC
- total female R&D personnel by level of education in HC
- researchers by level of education in HC
- female researchers by level of education in HC
In full-time equivalents (FTE)
- total R&D personnel by level of education in FTE
- researchers by level of education in FTE
